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Borges, Renee M.
- Just Babies: The Origins of Good and Evil. Paul Bloom
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1 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, IN
1 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, IN
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Current Science, Vol 107, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 306-307Abstract
No Abstract.- How Mutualisms between Plants and Insects are Stabilized
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
1 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 108, No 10 (2015), Pagination: 1862-1868Abstract
While the idea of cooperation between individuals of a species has received considerable attention, how mutualistic interactions between species can be protected from cheating by partners in the interaction has only recently been examined from theoretical and empirical perspectives. This paper is a selective review of the recent literature on host sanctions, partner-fidelity feedback and the concept of punishment in such mutualisms. It describes new ideas, borrowed from microeconomics, such as screening theory with and without competition between potential partners for a host. It explores mutualism-stabilizing mechanisms using examples from interactions between figs and fig wasps, and those between ants and plants. It suggests new avenues for research.Keywords
Ant–Plant Interaction, Exploitation, Fig–Fig Wasp Interaction, Mutualism.- How to Break into a Microcosm: Localization of Hidden Hosts by Fig Wasp Parasitoids
Abstract Views :163 |
PDF Views:71
Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India; LIVIN Farms Agrifood GmbH, Vienna 1110, AT
2 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
3 École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 240 Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090 Montpellier, FR
1 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India; LIVIN Farms Agrifood GmbH, Vienna 1110, AT
2 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
3 École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 240 Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, 34090 Montpellier, FR
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 141-147Abstract
Host-finding behaviour and decision-making in a tri-trophic interaction are often complex, especially when hosts are hidden within plant or animal tissues. We study how parasitoid fig wasps assess fig hosts for ovi-position. These wasps oviposit into fig inflorescences (syconia) in which conspecifics have previously depo-sited eggs, possibly to avoid sib-mating for offspring that will develop and mate within these enclosed inflo-rescences. The syconia previously visited by conspecif-ics can be identified from species-specific chemical footprints left on the outer syconium surface, and these are chemically characterized. The tarsal mor-phology that may facilitate such identification is also described. Fig wasps have a haplodiploid breeding system in which males are haploid, developing from unfertilized eggs, and are much smaller in size than females. We therefore also experimentally determined that these parasitoids do not deposit fertilized eggs destined to become females on male hosts, a behaviour likely driven by the greater nutritional requirements of female offspring compared to the smaller-sized males. We also quantified carbon dioxide (CO2) pro-duction from galls of different species, as species-specific hosts within the syconia are likely identified by differential CO2 production from galls, whose le-vels are assessed via the sensilla present on the parasi-toid ovipositor.Keywords
Chemical Footprints, Fig Wasps, Hidden Hosts, Oviposition, Parasitoids, Synconia.References
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- Pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Ficus elastica, the living ischolar_main bridge tree of Meghalaya in northeast India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India, IN
2 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India; Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boquer Campus 8499000, Israel, IN
1 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India, IN
2 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India; Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boquer Campus 8499000, Israel, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 8 (2021), Pagination: 1099-1106Abstract
The Indian rubber fig tree Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. Moraceae is the constituent of the iconic living ischolar_main bridges (LRBs) in Meghalaya, India, and is characterized by a highly specific mutualism between the fig and its pollinating agaonid fig wasp, in which the wasps breed within fig inflorescences. F. elastica is restricted to south and southeast Asia in its distribution. We identified the pollinating fig wasp as Platyscapa clavigera (Mayr 1885) which was first described from F. elastica in Bogor in 1885 and from Singapore in 2017. This is the first record of the pollinator (family Agaonidae) from F. elastica in Meghalaya, northeast India, in the westernmost portion of the fig’s range. We also discovered and identified in F. elastica, a non-pollinating fig wasp of the genus Micranisa which appears close to Micranisa ralianga Mathew and Balakrishnan 1981 (Pteromalidae). This fig wasp has not been earlier reported anywhere from the closed urn-shaped inflorescences (i.e. syconia) of F. elastica and was only described from the syconia of Ficus altissima Blume in 1981 from Meghalaya. Notes on the morphology of both fig wasps are provided and illustrated. The phenology and developmental cycle of F. elastica syconia are documented. Evidence of passive pollination was confirmed in F. elastica which sheds light on the evolution of character traits in figs and their waspsKeywords
Ficus elastica, fig wasps, Micranisa ralianga, Meghalaya, Platyscapa clavigera.References
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